Plant plot
- Azalea
- Genus: Rhododendron
- Characteristics: more than 5 petals, white/pink
- Sugar Maple Tree
- Genus: Dryopteris
- Characteristics: Red,
- Cherry Plum Tree
- Genus: Prunus
- Characteristics: purple/red leafs,
- American Hornbeam Tree
- Genus: Carpinus
- Characteristics: red/orange leafs, about 9 leafs per stem
- Algerian ivy
- Genus: Hedera
- Characteristics: green, thick leafs
- Autumn Fern
- Genus: Dryopteris
- Characteristics:
- Lime Leaf Tree
- Genus: Tilia
- Characteristics: Round/oval shaped, green
- St. Patrick Rose
- Genus: Rosa
- Characteristics: yellow, green leafs,
- Genus: Rhododendron
- Characteristics: Green, more then 6 leafs on each stem, leafs are different size/shapes
- Genus: Rhododendron
- Characteristics: green, thick leafs, slippery
Plant structure
source:http://www.scienceresources.co.uk/KS3/Biology/Life_Processes_and_Cells/plant_structure_and_function.htm
Plants have four types of organs; roots, stems, leaves and flowers, fruits and seeds.
Roots: Are the anchor to the plant to its surface, its main functions are to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Root hairs absorb water and minerals from the soil.
Stems: Connects the plants roots to its leaves and flowers, providing structure support the plants. Xylem is a part of the stem thats transports minerals and water from the roots to the flowers and leaves of the plant. Phloem carries the food made in the leaves and flowers through the stems to the roots as well as other parts of the plant.
Leaves: Are attached to the stems by a stalk, act as storage organs. It is also where photosythesis occurs an food molecules are made. Bulbs are and underground stem with leaves that store nutrients and food.
Flowers: Are used for sexual reproduction producing seeds and fruit.
Seeds: Contain embryonic plants
Fruits: Are structures developed from the ovary of the flower.
Plants also store left over food molecules they produce in roots, stems, leaves and seeds.
Plants have four types of organs; roots, stems, leaves and flowers, fruits and seeds.
Roots: Are the anchor to the plant to its surface, its main functions are to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Root hairs absorb water and minerals from the soil.
Stems: Connects the plants roots to its leaves and flowers, providing structure support the plants. Xylem is a part of the stem thats transports minerals and water from the roots to the flowers and leaves of the plant. Phloem carries the food made in the leaves and flowers through the stems to the roots as well as other parts of the plant.
Leaves: Are attached to the stems by a stalk, act as storage organs. It is also where photosythesis occurs an food molecules are made. Bulbs are and underground stem with leaves that store nutrients and food.
Flowers: Are used for sexual reproduction producing seeds and fruit.
Seeds: Contain embryonic plants
Fruits: Are structures developed from the ovary of the flower.
Plants also store left over food molecules they produce in roots, stems, leaves and seeds.
Reproduction
Flowers are the part of the plant that is used for sexual reproduction, producing seeds and fruit. Consisting of four whorls:
Sepal: Forms the outer protective cover of the flower bud
Petal: Is the showiest part of the flower
Stamens: Is the male part of the flower
Carpels: Is the female part of the flower
"Flowers contain the reproductive structures: stamens (male) and carpels (female).Stamens produce pollen grains, which contain two sperm cells, while carpels contain the egg cells. Seeds develop following pollination and fertilisation (fusion of the male and female gametes)."
source: http://b4fa.org/biosciences-and-agriculture/plantbreeding/how-do-plants-reproduce-sexually/
Sepal: Forms the outer protective cover of the flower bud
Petal: Is the showiest part of the flower
Stamens: Is the male part of the flower
Carpels: Is the female part of the flower
"Flowers contain the reproductive structures: stamens (male) and carpels (female).Stamens produce pollen grains, which contain two sperm cells, while carpels contain the egg cells. Seeds develop following pollination and fertilisation (fusion of the male and female gametes)."
source: http://b4fa.org/biosciences-and-agriculture/plantbreeding/how-do-plants-reproduce-sexually/
How do plants make food?
source: http://botanicseye.com/quantum-effect-in-plant-photosynthesis-mystery/
Plants capture and store the energy of the sun into chemical energy using it to make sugar and food molecules a process called photosynthesis.
"Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy. Photosynthesis in green plants harnesses the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide, water, and minerals into organic compounds and gaseous oxygen."
source: http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/glossary/photosynthesis.html
Photosynthesis is divided into two phases:
Light reactions: Is the first stage of photosynthesis in which solar energy is captures. Light reactions use a green pigment called chlorophyll found all through out the plant, chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and an electron shoots out. The electron joins another molecule to produce NADPH eventually each electron transfer releases energy which is used to make ATP
Calvin cycle: Is the second stage of photosynthesis that uses this energy to chemical bonds of sugar.
Plants capture and store the energy of the sun into chemical energy using it to make sugar and food molecules a process called photosynthesis.
"Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy. Photosynthesis in green plants harnesses the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide, water, and minerals into organic compounds and gaseous oxygen."
source: http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/glossary/photosynthesis.html
Photosynthesis is divided into two phases:
Light reactions: Is the first stage of photosynthesis in which solar energy is captures. Light reactions use a green pigment called chlorophyll found all through out the plant, chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and an electron shoots out. The electron joins another molecule to produce NADPH eventually each electron transfer releases energy which is used to make ATP
Calvin cycle: Is the second stage of photosynthesis that uses this energy to chemical bonds of sugar.
Genetic engineering of crop plants
The goals for genetic engineering of crop plants include
Some of the risks of genetic engineering are, how crops pose unacceptable risks to the food supply and environment. Also how custom designed life forms could change the way we handle agriculture, medicine, manufacturing and many other enterprises. In terms of safety, people have concerns about safety of GMOs ( genetically modified organisms) as they can cause food allergies. "Some potential risks from consuming genetically modified food may include an unanticipated harmful reaction caused by the inserted gene, a product that converts to an unanticipated molecule, or a product or one the reactants that triggers an allergic response." (Pg.208)
In terms of economy, the concerns about golden rice comes from worry of how the economic realities will affect the ability of farmers in developing regions to afford the seed. The final concern is effectiveness and whether golden rice is a solution. Ethical concerns are over engineered organisms and how they arise from the possibility of accidental consequences including misuse and genetic engineering of humans.
The basics steps in creating a genetically modified organisms are:
- Protection from insect pests
- herbicide resistance
- Disease resistance
- freeze resistance
- Increased nutritional value
Some of the risks of genetic engineering are, how crops pose unacceptable risks to the food supply and environment. Also how custom designed life forms could change the way we handle agriculture, medicine, manufacturing and many other enterprises. In terms of safety, people have concerns about safety of GMOs ( genetically modified organisms) as they can cause food allergies. "Some potential risks from consuming genetically modified food may include an unanticipated harmful reaction caused by the inserted gene, a product that converts to an unanticipated molecule, or a product or one the reactants that triggers an allergic response." (Pg.208)
In terms of economy, the concerns about golden rice comes from worry of how the economic realities will affect the ability of farmers in developing regions to afford the seed. The final concern is effectiveness and whether golden rice is a solution. Ethical concerns are over engineered organisms and how they arise from the possibility of accidental consequences including misuse and genetic engineering of humans.
The basics steps in creating a genetically modified organisms are:
- Defining the problem:
- Clone the genes: Process of isolating and copying of genes, it is a central technique for a genetic engineering project on any type of organism.
- Package the genes: To make a gene package extra DNA is added at the beginning and end of the gene. The DNA "package" includes psy and crt1 genes.
- Transform the cells: Is the process where a cell takes in and uses DNA from a foreign source.
- Confirm the strain: After isolating the rice plant fragments they transfer them to the soil. Some of the rice plants incorporate the psy and crt1 genes.
Lab: Photosynthesis
Hypothesis: Replacing water with powerade in the spinach leaves will increase co2 and decrease levels of o2.
Procedure
Procedure
- Pour Powerade enough to cover the base of the container about 1 centimeter
- Place the leaves on top of the Pwerade that is in the comntainer
- Wait 5-10 min for the sensors to equilibrak, then start data collection
- Record data rate of production/consumption
- Repeat procedures 1-4 but with water
With water
co2 gradually increased to 1.015 ppt
With Powerade
Conclusion: In conclusion, co2 in the Powerade experiment increased faster than water and o2 in Powerade decreased slower than the spinach leafs covered in water.